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Season One chronicles the survivors' first days on the island. How many days did the Lost producers originally plan to chronicle--40 days, 44 days, or 48 days?

What cast member is a former counsellor at Green Bay Bible Camp in Kelowna, British Columbia--Yunjin Kim, Evangeline Lilly, or Ian Somerhalder?

At what hospital had Jack (Matthew Fox) been a spinal surgeon?

What is Jack's last name?

Evangeline Lilly plays Kate Austen. What does the name Evangeline mean?

In "Tabula Rasa," what does Sayid tell Shannon "is a very dangerous thing to lose."?

What song by Joe Purdy is heard in the closing moments of "Tabula Rasa"?

Claire (Emilie de Ravin) wears a necklace with the Chinese character "ai." What does "ai" mean?

In "White Rabbit," who discovered caves with a fresh water supply?

In "House of the Rising Sun," Kate runs into a cave, where she stumbles into the skeletal remains of two bodies. What nicknames are they given?

In a flashback, what member of Drive Shaft confesses to a priest that he's facing temptation?

What song by the Blind Boys of Alabama is heard as Sayid (Naveen Andrews) leaves to map the island?

He tells Shannon (Maggie Grace): "Everyone gets a new life on this island, Shannon. Maybe it's time you start yours." Who said it?

What character does Mira Furlan play?

In "Whatever the Case May Be," Shannon sings Charles Trenet's "La Mer," a song from 1946. In what Pixar animated movie is the song heard?

On whom does Jack successfully perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)?

What six words from the 1966 Beatle song, "Strawberry Fields Forever," are tattooed on Charlie's left shoulder?

At the end of "...In Translation," what song is Hurley (Jorge Garcia) listening to on a portable CD player?

In "Numbers," what book is Sawyer (Josh Holloway) reading?

In what episode does Locke (Terry O'Quinn) dream of a crashed plane, and believe if he finds it, will be able to open the mysterious hatch?

In a flashback, who betrays Locke for money?

What's the first name of Jack's wife?

What name did Claire pick for her baby boy?

What's the name of the 18th century slave ship the group finds in the jungle?

Just before the raft is attacked by "The Others" and Walt taken, Sawyer begins singing a Bob Marley song. Name it.

In "Man of Science, Man of Faith," who tells Locke that the inside of the hatch door reads 'QUARANTINE'?

The Dharma symbol is comprised of an octagon with eight variations of three lines. What do three unbroken lines (III) represent?

In a flashback, he asks Jack: "Oh, and you don't believe in miracles?" Name him.

In the Dharma orientation film, by what other name does Dr. Marvin Candle (François Chau) refer to Station 3?

In Station 3, where are fish seen?

Michelle Rodriguez joins the regular cast playing Ana Lucia Cortez, a passenger Jack first met at the airport bar. What do "Ana" and "Lucia" mean? (http://starbulletin.com/2005/09/13/features/story1.html)

What London-born actor portrays the mysterious Mr. Eko?

In "The Other 48 Days," who does Eko say he will pray for?

After killing two of "The Others" in self-defense, how many days does Eko go without speaking?

In "Collision," Locke works on a crossword puzzle. The clue for 42 down is "Enkidu's friend". What's the 9-letter answer?

When Ana Lucia guns down Jason McCormick in the parking lot, what illustration is seen on his T-shirt?

Who later decides vengeance isn't the appropriate response to Ana Lucia's accidental killing of Shannon?

In "What Kate Did," what fruit does Kate pick?

What animal does Kate see after crouching to collect fruit from the jungle floor?

When he awakens from delirium, he asks Kate, "Are we saved?" Name him.

Who taught Claire about "swaddling clothes"?

To whom does Eko tell the story of Josiah rebuilding the temple?

What's found inside the hollowed-out Bible?

What episode is named for one of the 150 Psalms?

On what object are the words "Psalm", "Revelations", "Colosians", and "Titus" carved?

What song by The Kinks is Charlie singing when he sees Jin (Daniel Dae Kim) fishing?

When Eko encounters the island's "monster", what form does it take?

Who gives Sawyer a haircut?

In a flashback, what's the name of the Italian woman who asks Jack to operate on her father?

In "Fire + Water," a reproduction of a painting by Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488) hangs inside Charlie's childhood home. Name the painting.

In the first of Charlie's waking dreams, he hears the sounds of an infant crying, coming from inside an object washing out to sea. What object?

In Charlie's second dream, his mother (Megan) and Claire appear on the beach as two _ _ _ _ _ _ .

In the dream that follows, who does Hurley appear as--Goliath, John the Baptist, or Moses?

What does Eko tell Claire, which casts doubt on him being a real priest?

Who does Eko baptize?

On January 31/06, what member of the Lost cast spoke at the Hawaii State Legislature?

In "The Long Con," he tells Kate: "You run. I con. Tigers don't change their stripes." Who said it?

In "One of Them," who crushes a tree frog with his left hand?

In "Maternity Leave," what book is Sawyer reading?

After Claire pulls at some branches and a tarp, she uncovers a set of doors to another hatch. What symbol appears on the doors?

In a flashback, when Claire turns on the airplane mobile above the crib, what song begins to play?

What book by Fyodor Dostoevsky does Locke toss on the cot in the armory?

Who cuts off two small locks of his beard with a knife?

In "The Whole Truth," who is seen working in her garden?

To whom does Locke say:"You were running like the devil's chasing you."--Ana Lucia, Charlie, or Sawyer?

In "Lockdown," what song is heard as Locke packs a picnic lunch for himself and Helen?

What Bible book does Father Chuck (Geoffrey Rivas) read from during the funeral service--supposedly for Locke's father?

The Latin expression "Sursum corda" is written three times on the map made visible by black light. What does "Sursum corda" mean?

What valuable items does Jack win from Sawyer in a poker game?

In "Dave," Dr. Brooks tells Hurley: "There were 23 people on that deck." How many people was the deck built to hold?

Sawyer tells those arguing over the Dharma food: "Hold on, take it easy. You guys are like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ". What?

What is Sawyer's nickname for Libby (Cynthia Watros)?

She tells Hurley: "So the island won't let you lose weight--you destroy your stash, then bang--more food falls from the sky." Who said it--Ana Lucia, Kate, or Libby?

Who questions "Henry Gale" (Michael Emerson) in the scene where he is strung up in the armory?

What is Eko building?

He tells Locke: "God doesn't know how long we've been here, John. He can't see this island any better than the rest of the world can." Who said it?

In "S.O.S.," Rose tells Bernard: "Uh, cereal goes on the left, Bernard." Name the cereal.

Jack disinfects the shoulder wound of "Henry" before changing the dressing. In one of Jesus' parables, who bandaged the wounds of a man who had been stripped and beaten by robbers?

Eko tells Bernard: "People are saved in different ways, Bernard." What is Bernard's response?

What's the name of the spiritual healer Rose meets while she and Bernard are vacationing in Australia?

In the clip-show,"Reckoning," the narrator asks: "Can you survive on faith alone? Or do you take matters into your own hands to right what is wrong?" Who's the narrator--Lloyd Braun, Peter Coyote, or James Earl Jones?

What time is it when Christian Shephard (John Terry) knocks on Ana Lucia's hotel room door in Sydney?

Ana Lucia tells Michael: "I couldn't even kill him. I looked at him and he--I can't do this anymore." Who is "him"?

To whom does Eko say: "To receive God's forgiveness you must be penitent for your sins."

What's the other name for Station 5?

When are the words "Pala Ferry" first heard?

How many heroin-filled statues does Charlie throw into the ocean?

"Live Together, Die Alone," begins when funeral-goers are distracted by a sailboat moving towards shore. What's the name of the sailboat?

Desmond tells the Master Sergeant: "I'm savin' it so it will be the last thing I ever read before I die." What book?

What is Desmond's full name?

Who pays for Desmond's cup of coffee?

What color was the bird that squawked Hurley's name twice?

During their journey by sailboat, Sayid, Jin, and Sun see the remains of a gigantic statue--a left foot with only four toes. In 2 Samuel 21, how many toes does a descendant of Rapha have on each foot?

On what date did Oceanic Airlines Flight 815 crash?

During Marc Peyser's exclusive visit to the set during the filming of the Season Two finale, he mentions that Evangeline Lilly "reads a Christian self-help book." What book? (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12776785/site/newsweek/)

Peyser continues: "The producers are so nervous about guarding their new secrets, they've given the very last scene a code name." What name?

He told Entertainment Weekly (May 19/06): "For me, Lost is about meaning--and the search for meaning." Who said it--Abrams, Cuse, or Lindelof?

On July 20, 2006, Entertainment Weekly senior writer Jeff Jensen put forward a new Lost hypothesis, which involves "finding scientific ways of restoring mankind, and the world, back to its pre-fall condition." What does Jensen call this hypothesis?

On July 22, 2006 at ComicCon, Damon Lindelof commented that the "five hieroglyphics together on the countdown clock are the symbol for..."--what?

When this actress was asked by Lost: The Official Magazine (July/Aug 2006) what she would like to see in Season Three for her character, she replied: "I'd like to be the person on the island filled with so much love and faith who saves the day." Who said it--L. Scott Caldwell (Rose), April Grace (Miss Klugh), or Sonya Walger (Penelope)?

Name three things described as lost by Jesus in his parables at Luke 15.

40 days. From (http://www.lost-tv.com): "Forty days? Was that coincidental? It does seem to rain a lot for no apparent reason on the island. We asked the obvious question: was the biblical reference intentional? [Lost co-creator] Damon Lindelof's answer was immediate. 'That was NOT unintentional,' he said with a hint of glee in his voice."

In the 3-part episode, Exodus ("departure") a raft is launched. After Noah and his sons built an ark, "rain fell on the earth 40 days and 40 nights" (Genesis 7:12)

However, when ABC asked the producers to extend the number of episodes, it caused the show's time frame to go beyond 40 days. The Season Two episode recounting the first days of the tail-section survivors is titled "The Other 48 Days".

Evangeline Lilly, who plays Kate. As a teenager Nicole Evangeline Lilly "came up to Kelowna for a number of summers in the late '90s to work as a counsellor at the Green Bay Bible Camp (http://www.greenbay.bc.ca) on the Westside. 'She was great with the kids, because she's such a caring and compassionate person,' said another of her friends, Jay Young, who first met Lilly in 1999 when he also worked as a counsellor at the camp. 'She's such a down-to-earth, real person, so it's just so odd to see her now as this bigtime celebrity,' said Young, now the camp's director. Lilly, who did missionary work in the Philippines as a teenager, lived in Kelowna for a few years before returning to Vancouver to attend the University of B.C. She was studying international relations, and decided to try modelling to help pay her tuition." ("Local girl found on Lost", The Kelowna Daily Courier, December 8, 2004)

St. Sebastian Hospital. St. Sebastian was a martyr (286) in Roman Emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians.

Matthew Fox said of his character in Season Two: "Jack will have a very different journey, a philosophical journey...The whole man of faith vs. the man of science and the struggle going on between him and Locke. Jack'll have to let go of some really strict science dogma, given the situation in which he's living." Regarding the true nature of the island, Fox's favorite theory is that it is purgatory."Based on what's happened so far, 'Lost' is about us finding redemption so we can move on emotionally, individually and spiritually to a better place. We had just better not be dead." (Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Aug. 22/05)

Fox commented on ABC's 20/20 (May 6/05): "I'm a huge fan of redemption stories. I'm very much into the idea that all of these characters are trying to escape a past version of themselves that you know, they've all made mistakes and harbored secrets and told lies."

Shephard. One of the recurring numbers on the show is 23. Psalm 23 begins "The Lord is my shepherd..." Jack and his fellow passengers board Oceanic Airlines Flight 815 (8 + 15 = 23) at gate 23, and was assigned seat 23B.

Evangeline (feminine) and Evangel (masculine) mean "good news" in Greek, and is the New Testament word for "gospel".

"Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and sickness among the people." (Matthew 4:23)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Evangeline (1847) was inspired by the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755.

Hope.

Sayid: "No one's going to tell them anything. To relay what we heard without fully understanding it will cause a panic. If we tell them what we know we take away their hope. And hope is a very dangerous thing to lose."

"Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see" (Hebrews 11:1)

"Wash Away", from his 2004 album, Julie Blue.

"And I have sins, Lord, but not today/Cause they're gonna wash away They're gonna wash away"

Mike Hume of Falls Church News-Press (www.fcnp.com) writes: "As fate would have it, the album [Julie Blue] was also a springboard. While recording on his temporary island abode [an island cabin amid the waters of the St. Lawrence] Purdy received a call from Bryan Burke, a producer for ABC, who wanted him to write a song about a group of castaways living on an island. Thus a reprised version of Julie Blue’s opening track, 'Wash Away,' landed on 'Lost' and the mainstream was introduced to a backwoods songwriter from Arkansas." (Sept. 21/06)

love. "Ai" resembles the sound "eye".
(http://www.answersingenesis.org/Docs/388.asp)

"Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love." (1 John 4:8)

Jack. Later, he tells the group: "Every man for himself is not going to work. It's time to start organizing. We need to figure out how we're going to survive here. Now, I found water. Fresh water, up in the valley. I'll take a group in at first light. If you don't wanna come, then find another way to contribute. Last week, most of us were strangers. But we're all here now. And God knows how long we're gonna be here. But if we can't live together, we're gonna die alone."

The LORD answered Moses, "Walk on ahead of the people. Take with you some of the elders of Israel and take in your hand the staff with which you struck the Nile, and go. I will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. Strike the rock, and water will come out of it for the people to drink." So Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel. And he called the place Massah and Meribah because the Israelites quarreled and because they tested the LORD saying, "Is the LORD among us or not?" (Exodus 17:5-7)

Adam and Eve. According to Genesis 5:5, Adam lived to 930; Eve's age isn't mentioned.

Charlie (Dominic Monaghan).

Priest: Well, we all have our temptations, but giving in to them, that's your choice. As we live our lives it's really nothing but a series of choices, isn't it?

Charlie: Well, then, I've made my choice. I have to quit the band.

*

On the island, Rose (L. Scott Caldwell) prays with a grieving Charlie over Claire's baffling disappearance:

Charlie: Your husband was in the tail section of the plane.

Rose: Yes, he was. But he'll be back.

Charlie: You think he's still alive?

Rose: I know he is.

Charlie: How?

Rose: I just do. It's a fine line between denial and faith. It's much better on my side.

Charlie: (crying) Help me.

Rose: Baby, I'm not the one that can help you....Heavenly Father, we thank you. We thank you for bringing us together tonight, and we ask that you show Charlie the path...

Monaghan told the Sunday Herald Sun (Aug. 22/05): "Charlie's a drug addict, but he's also a man of faith...The question is: Did he take the statue [of the Virgin Mary] as a symbol of his faith or for the drugs that might be inside?...I love the way his faith and addictions are moulded together. The heroin is inside the statue of the Virgin Mary, so his weakness is trapped inside his strength...I love the symbolism--he's going to have to break what he believes to get into his weakness."

In a TV promo for Lost, Charlie says in voice-over: "How long will it take for redemption? Like the chance to put the past behind me. To start over. Maybe that's what this is. A second chance. An opportunity to earn forgiveness. They say that everything happens for a reason. I wish I could believe that."

Cocaine smuggled in Virgin Mary statues [March 31, 2006]
(http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060331/od_nm/crime_statues_dc)

"I Shall Not Walk Alone." From the song: "When my legs no longer carry/And the warm wind chills my bones/I reach for mother Mary/And I shall not walk alone"

John Locke (Terry O'Quinn). John Locke was a 17th century philosopher whose ideas later influenced American law and government.

In his Two Treatises of Government (1690), Locke writes: "The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of one sovereign master, sent into the world by his order, and about his business; they are his property, whose workmanship they are, made to last during his, not one another's pleasure..."

Keith Green's song, "If You Love The Lord" (1980) includes the line: "We are His workmanship, created for good works in Christ", echoing Ephesians 2:10.

Danielle Rousseau, the Frenchwoman stranded on the island for 16 years, responsible for the distress call. She is named for 18th century French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued that man is noble but society corrupts him.

This is paralleled by the characters on Lost: Locke embraces both nature and the need for organization, while Rousseau prefers nature and refuses to join the survivors in their village.

Finding Nemo (2003)--in which a clownfish (Marlin) swims to Sydney in the hope of finding his son (Nemo).

Shannon: It was the cartoon about fish, you know, one of the computer ones?

Sayid: Why are you telling me this?

Shannon: Because the movie was dubbed in French. And at the end there was this song. Those notations, they're song lyrics. And your French woman, she's just like Laurent, because she wrote them over and over and over again.

*

In his review of Finding Nemo, Ted Baehr of Movieguide.org writes: "There are no references to God, but there are redemptive allegories and a lot of 'thank goodnesses.' In his article, Behind the scenes at Pixar, Baehr recounts: "More than 24 PhDs work for Pixar, by far the most number of PhDs in the movie industry....I asked (writer) Andrew (Stanton) why each one of his movies had a strong redemptive element. Finding Nemo even has a leap of faith in the belly of a whale reminiscent of the biblical story. Andrew said, "I’m a Christian, and so are most of us."....This is a place that makes movies for people who still find hope, joy and redemption in the world." (http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2003/s03050112.htm)

Charlie. CPR is a combination of mouth-to-mouth respiration and closed cardiac massage.

Nikki Stafford writes in Finding Lost: The Unofficial Guide: "...this scene is a perfect example of him [Jack] refusing to give up, even when it seems futile not to. The question is, can you imagine what would have happened if he had? As the sky opens and the rain begins to fall, this scene is like a baptism for Jack, because while he's hostile to others throughout the episode for reminding him of his father, the person who reminds him most of Christian [Shephard] is himself. By doing what he does in this scene, he's able to do something Christian was unable to do at the end of his career."

Elisha the prophet performed mouth-to-mouth respiration on a dead boy, who miraculously came back to life (2 Kings 4:34), and "...the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being." (Genesis 2:7)

According to Genesis, God also performed the first surgery: "So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh. Then the LORD God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man." (Genesis 2:21-22)

Robert E. Kofahl writes in The Handy Dandy Evolution Refuter: "Few people realize that the Genesis account of the creation of woman from man accords with modern knowledge of genetics which was unknown to Moses. In humans, sex is determined by the two sex chromosomes. The female has in each body cell two X chromosomes, whereas the male has an X and a Y. Thus, if the female had been created first, it would not have been possible to create the first man from genetic material entirely related to the woman. This is because God in making Adam would have had to create Y chromosomes, for Eve had no Y chromosomes in her cells. As a consequence the resulting race would have been a hybrid race. But because man was created first, woman and man could be completely related to each other."

"Living is easy with eyes closed". The 1966 song written by John Lennon started out as a nostalgic view of a Salvation Army orphanage, where he and childhood friends Pete and Ivan played in the trees.

"Delicate" by Damien Rice: "So why d'ya fill my sorrow/With the words you've borrowed/From the only place you've known/Why d'ya sing hallelujah/If it means nothin' to ya/Why d'ya sing with me at all?"

The CD player stops playing just as "hallelujah" was to be heard a second time: "Why d'ya sing h---".

The Hebrew "hallelujah" combines "hallelu" and "yah," and translates as "Praise God". The phrase is found in the book of Psalms (such as 113:1) and four times in the book of Revelation (such as 19:1)

Madeline L'Engle's sci-fi classic, A Wrinkle in Time (1962), about three children who travel through time to rescue a father from an impending evil force. Prior to the 2004 broadcast of the film version on ABC, the 85-year-old L'Engle was interviewed by Newsweek:

Newsweek: So to you, faith is not a comfort?

L'Engle: Good heavens, no. It’s a challenge: I dare you to believe in God. I dare you to think [our existence] wasn’t an accident.

Newsweek: Many people see faith as anti-intellectual.

L'Engle: Then they're not very bright. It takes a lot of intellect to have faith, which is why so many people only have religiosity.

"Deus ex machina"--Latin for "god from the machine". The term originated with Greek and Roman theater, when a mechane would lower a god or gods onstage to resolve a seemingly hopeless situation. In short, a deus ex machina is a quick fix in a story.

Locke and Boone do find a plane hanging in the trees. Flown by drug smugglers disguised as Nigerian missionaries, it contains heroin-filled statues of the Virgin Mary.

In The Simpsons episode "Thank God, It's Doomsday", after the rapture occurs and Homer is taken to heaven, he asks God to reverse what's happened. God agrees, then proclaims "Deus ex machina" and normality is restored.

Emily Locke, his mother.

Emily: [entering John's hospital room]: It was his idea. I'm sorry, John.

Locke: What are you doing here?

Emily: I needed some money. He's always been good that way. Your father's always been generous.

Locke: You told me I didn't have a father.

Emily: Well, he said that was the only way you would give it to him. It had to be your idea. He told me where to find you. He asked me to go see you. I wanted to see you.

Locke: This can't be happening. This is a misunderstanding. This can't happen to me. He wouldn't do this to me. He wouldn't do this to me!

Jesus was betrayed by Judas Iscariot for 30 silver coins. (Matthew 26:14; Matthew 27: 3-10; Zechariah 11:13)

Sarah. According to Genesis 17 and 21, Sarah [from the Hebrew "princess" or "noble"] was originally named Sarai. God renamed her Sarah after she married Abraham; she gave birth to Isaac at age 90.

Aaron. The book of Exodus identifies Aaron as the older brother of Moses (Exodus 7:7). When the time came for the deliverance of the Hebrews out of Egypt, God sent Aaron to meet his long-absent brother in the desert (Exodus 4:27)

Claire: Do you mind if I sit?

Eko: Please.

Claire: Thanks. So you're Eko, huh?

Eko: Yes.

Claire: Claire; and this is Aaron.

Eko: Aaron? The brother of Moses?

Claire: Yeah, that must have been tough to live up to, right? The pressure of everyone saying, "Why can't you be more like your brother, Moses."

Eko: Yes, I'm sure it was. Why did you choose it--Aaron?

Claire: I just liked it.

Eko: Aaron was a great man. Moses had great difficulty speaking so it was Aaron who spoke for him.

The Black Rock. According to (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing_Grace) John Newton (1725-1807) penned "How Sweet the Name of Jesus Sounds" (a.k.a. "Amazing Grace") circa 1772 while waiting in an African harbor for a shipment of slaves.

Steve Turner comments (http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/113/12.0.html): "Arlo Guthrie tells the story on stage that Newton was transporting slaves and the storm hit the boat, he was converted on the spot, changed his mind about slavery, took the slaves back to Africa, released them, came back to England, and wrote the song. That would be nice. That would be the way we'd like to write the story. But the fact is that he took years and years before he came to the abolition position. And he never captained a slave ship until after he became a Christian. All his life as a slave captain was actually post-conversion."

It wasn't until 1780 that Newton began to express regrets about his part in the slave trade--thirty-two years after his conversion. In 1785 he began speaking out against slavery, and he continued to do so until his death in 1807.

See also: (http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2004/005/11.50.html)

Redemption Song, which opens with the lyrics:"Old pirates, yes, they rob I/Sold I to the merchant ships/Minutes after they took I/From the bottomless pit"

Meanwhile, on the island, Jack, Locke, Hurley, and Kate blow open the hatch to reveal an extremely deep shaft, a seemingly "bottomless pit".

"The star was given the key to the shaft of the Abyss (bottomless pit)." (Revelation 9:1b)

Kate.

One idea discovered during the Black Plague was quarantine. But nearly 3000 years earlier, God told Moses and Aaron that any person with an infectious disease must cover the lower part of his face and be quarantined: "The person with such an infectious disease must wear torn clothes, let his hair be unkempt, cover the lower part of his face and cry out, 'Unclean! Unclean!' As long as he has the infection he remains unclean. He must live alone; he must live outside the camp." (Leviticus 13:45-46)

Heaven. Some have speculated that the Dharma symbol is first seen on the side of the plane at the conclusion of "Tabula Rasa." [00:41:25 to 00:41:30] (http://www.lostpedia.com/wiki/Persistent_rumors)

Dr. Jean Sloat Morton writes in "Science in the Bible" (Moody Press, 1978):"There are three heavens mentioned in Scripture. The apostle Paul said he was caught up to the third heaven (2 Corinthians 12:2). The first heaven is the atmosphere where birds fly (Jeremiah 8:7). The second heaven is where the celestial bodies are located (Genesis 1:14-17). The third heaven is God's heaven, and its location is indicated as northward...(Leviticus 1:10-11). Satan recognized the importance of the north:...(Isaiah 14:12a, 13)"

Desmond (Henry Ian Cusick). Jesus' first miracle was turning water into wine at a wedding in Cana:

"Nearby stood six stone water jars, the kind used by the Jews for ceremonial washing, each holding from twenty to thirty gallons. Jesus said to the servants, 'Fill the jars with water'; so they filled them to the brim. Then he told them, 'Now draw some out and take it to the master of the banquet.' They did so, and the master of the banquet tasted the water that had been turned into wine." (John 2:6-9)

The Swan (http://www.swanstation.com/swan/). Cygnus (Latin for "swan") is a northern constellation, and sometimes known as the Northern Cross. The bird extends over the Milky Way, appearing to fly south.

on the mural painted by Desmond
(http://www.geocities.com/alt_tv_lost/mural.html)
(http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~andorfc/iowa_mural.html)

The fish became a symbol for Christianity in the early days of the church. It is frequently found carved on the walls of the catacombs beneath the ancient city of Rome. (http://chi.gospelcom.net/images/img_factoids/fishanch.gif)

The Greek word for "fish" is ichthus, and each letter represented a word, namely: i (Iesous - Jesus), ch (Christos - Christ), th (theou - of God), u (huios - Son), s (soter - Savior). The fish became a code word, during times of persecution, by which believers expressed the conviction: "I believe Jesus Christ is the Son of God and my Savior." (http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/images/ichthus.gif)

"Come, follow me," Jesus said, "and I will make you fishers of men." (Mark 1:17)

Ana or Anna are forms of Hannah, meaning "grace" or "favor"; Lucia is the feminine form of Lucius, meaning "light".

Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje [ADD-ay WAHL-ay ACK-id NOY-ay AG-bajay] who told SCI FI Wire (http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire): "I think that the writers obviously brought this character [Mr. Eko] in to be able to explore the more spiritual, mystical elements of the island...That's what they've told me about Eko. And, you know, they have the man of science, I believe, which is what Jack represents. And then you have Locke, who's a man of philosophy, somewhat dark sometimes. And they wanted to juxtapose this man of faith against those. So it's like a pyramid. So that's where they originally perceived of him being placed."

Bernard's wife (Rose), and the rescue planes.

Bernard: I heard that you were the one who pulled the dead bodies out of the water.

Eko: Yes.

Bernard: Were any of them African American?

Eko: No.

Bernard: That’s my wife. I can’t find her!

Eko: I’ll pray for her.

Bernard: Where the hell are the rescue planes?

Eko: I will pray for them too.

40 days.

Ana Lucia: What are you lookin' at?

Eko: It going to be okay.

Ana Lucia: What? You talkin' now?

Eko: It’s been 40 days.

Ana Lucia: You've been waiting 40 days to talk?

Eko: You waited 40 days to cry.

Gilgamesh.

Frank Lorey writes in "The Flood of Noah and the Flood of Gilgamesh" (http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=414): "The Book of Genesis is viewed for the most part as an historical work, even by many liberal scholars, while the Epic of Gilgamesh is viewed as mythological. The One-source Theory must, therefore, lead back to the historical event of the Flood and Noah's Ark. To those who believe in the inspiration and infallibility of the Bible, it should not be a surprise that God would preserve the true account of the Flood in the traditions of His people. The Genesis account was kept pure and accurate throughout the centuries by the providence of God until it was finally compiled, edited, and written down by Moses. The Epic of Gilgamesh, then, contains the corrupted account as preserved and embellished by peoples who did not follow the God of the Hebrews."

a cross inside a coat-of-arms

See also: (http://www.hum.aau.dk/~ossk01/DeadGuy'sShirt.jpg)

Sayid.

"It is mine to avenge; I will repay." (Deuteronomy 32:5)

mangoes. Bruce Cockburn's 1999 song Mango begins:"She's got a mango in the garden/Sweet as can be/She's got a mango in the garden/Full of mystery/She's got a mango in the garden/From the original tree/She's got a mango in the garden/Shares it with me"

Contrary to popular belief, the book of Genesis doesn't mention the forbidden fruit eaten by Adam and Eve was an apple--only that the fruit was from "the tree of the knowledge of good and evil" (Genesis 2:17). Speculations about the fruit include: apple, apricot, mango, and pomegranate. (http://www.semissourian.com/story/1128388.html)

a black horse.

When the Lamb opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature say, "Come!" I looked, and there before me was a black horse! Its rider was holding a pair of scales in his hand. (Revelation 6:5)

From Lost: The Official Magazine (July/Aug 2006):

Q: (to Evangeline Lilly) Did the appearance of the horse in the episode have a specific representation in your mind?

Evangeline: I don't know the _actual_ symbolism of the horse, but I did feel that the role the horse played in the flashback, combined with the role the horse played on the island, was very symbolic. Not only was it a turning point in both stories, but it was also a bit of a supernatural foundation in both those stories. When Kate is able to reach out and touch that horse at the end of the episode, it's where her salvation comes from. It's what brings her from being insane, unstable and potentially going over the edge, to her feeling in some way, shape or form, that she touched God, or her soul, or something untouchable, that has proved her sanity. There is a grace for her. I might be reading too much into it, but I really feel that is what happened--a grace was passed through that connection. When she has that moment with Jack, right before the kiss where she says to him, "I just can't... I can't... I can't." She doesn't specify what she can or can't do, except for, "I can't." I feel like maybe after that moment with the horse, it's like she is given the grace so that she can believe in herself. In the whole episode, she thinks she has seen a ghost, but then the ghost turns out to be real and I think it sends her a message to believe in herself."

Sawyer. Lynnette Porter & David Lavery write in "Unlocking the Meaning of Lost": "The Christian concept of being born again, or 'saved,' even affects characters who do not seek redemption and most likely doubt that they are spiritually saved. When self-proclaimed sinner Sawyer awakens from delirium to find himself in a bunk bed inside the Hatch, he believes the castaways have been rescued. Kate assures him that they are still on the island and finally takes him outside to prove it. 'We're not saved?' Sawyer mournfully asks. 'Not yet,' Kate replies. Although the two outlaws have not yet sought redemption, Lost's writers imply that spiritual rebirth--being saved--is possible even for those who so far have not embraced their second chance for a new life."

Locke.

From "Abandoned":

Locke (hearing Aaron crying): Well. What's wrong?

Claire: He just won't sleep.

Locke (as he wraps Aaron tightly in a cloth): Babies like the feeling of being constricted. It’s not until we're older that we develop the desire to be free. There.

...

Claire: I can't believe he's asleep.

Locke: Swaddling works every time.

A screen capture from the episode resembles a nativity scene, with baby Aaron as Jesus, Claire as Mary, Locke as Joseph, and three castaways in the background as Wise Men.

The term "swaddling clothes" is often associated with the birth of Christ. In the holiday classic "A Charlie Brown Christmas" Linus reads from the book of Luke (chapter 2, verses 8-14):

Linus: Lights, please..."And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. And the angel said unto them, 'Fear not: for, behold, I bring you tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David, a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. And this shall be a sign unto you: Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.' And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying, 'Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.'"...That's what Christmas is all about, Charlie Brown. (http://www.dltk-holidays.com/xmas/meaning_of_christmas.htm)

Locke.

Locke: Hello again.

Eko: Hello. I have something I think you should see. If you don't mind, I will begin at the beginning. Long before Christ the king of Judah was a man named Josiah.

Locke: Boy, when you say beginning, you mean beginning.

Eko: At that time the temple where the people worshipped was in ruin. And so the people worshipped idols, false gods. And so the kingdom was in disarray. Josiah, since he was a good king, sent his secretary to the treasury and said: 'We must rebuild the temple. Give all of the gold to the workers so that this will be done.' But when the secretary returned, he had no gold. And when Josiah asked why this was the secretary replied, 'We found a book.' Do you know this story?

Locke: No, I'm afraid I don't.

Eko: What the secretary had found was an ancient book--the Book of Law. You may know it as the Old Testament. And it was with that ancient book, not with the gold, that Josiah rebuilt the temple. On the other side of the island we found a place much like this, and in this place we found a book. [Eko unwraps the Bible and pushes it toward Locke] I believe what's inside there will be of great value to you.

The story of Josiah is recorded in 2 Chronicles: 34-35, and 2 Kings: 22-23.

From: Lost: The Complete Second Season (DVD):

Evangeline Lilly: The way he [Eko] tells the story. The way the cloth around the book is so ancient looking. The way he's in tatters, you know, and the cloth that he's wearing, it feels like we have been now transported back into biblical times. It speaks of another generation, of another time. And then Locke looks so today, you know, he's in a T-shirt, and he's kind of grinning, and there's a great contrast.

See also: (http://life-of-rubin.blogspot.com/2006/05/learning-about-faith-from-televis ion.html)

a small reel of 16mm film. The Bible, a radio, and a glass eye were found inside a box by the tail-section survivors in the Arrow station during "The Other 48 Days". Locke unrolls part of the reel and recognizes Dr. Marvin Candle, the narrator of the orientation film.

The 23rd Psalm.

Charlie: So, are you a priest or aren't you?

Eko [putting his dead brother's cross around his neck]: Yes, I am...The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want./He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters./He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake./Yea, though I walk through the shadow of the valley of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.

[The following lines are spoken as voice-over as Sun and Jin bring a fish to Ana Lucia]:

Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over./Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever. Amen.

[Note: In the episode both Eko and Charlie reverse "valley" and "shadow", saying "shadow of the valley of death", which is incorrect. In Hebrew, "shadow of death" is a single word.]

From: Lost: The Complete Second Season (DVD):

Damon Lindelof: ...but I think like Eko actually sort of changes the words around a little in the actual 23rd Psalm.

Carlton Cuse: Right. He didn't get it literally, but that's okay. I mean, you know, I think that...

Damon Lindelof: He's not really a priest!

Carlton Cuse: I think actually it's one of the sort of like, little gaffes that actually kind of makes it seem more real on a level, you know. It wasn't intentional but had someone pitched that to us, and one of the other writers or someone we would have said that's actually cool. Let him actually misplace a couple of the words in it. That's more...tuned to the reality of what the situation is.

...

Carlton Cuse: Essentially, what _is_ a priest? You know, Yemi [Eko's brother] has this line in that scene we just saw where he basically says, "You know, me signing this piece paper won't make you a priest, Eko." And the whole idea of, sort of, you know, that the decision to sort of be a man of God really starts from within, and what that journey is, and that being a story that we wanted to tell through a character--who, you know, was essentially a drug kingpin in Nigeria--seemed very very appealing to us.

on Eko's stick. Psalms, Revelation, Colossians and Titus are all books of the Bible.

Claire: What are you writing?

Eko: Things I need to remember.

(http://lost-media.com/modules.php?name=coppermine&file=displayimage&album=847&pos=13)
(http://lost-media.com/modules.php?name=coppermine&file=displayimage&album=839&pos=28)

Inscribing scripture on the stick was the idea of Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, not the writers. (http://www.lostpedia.com/wiki/Jesus_Stick)

He's Evil, from The Kinks' 1974 album, Preservation: Act 2. Charlie [singing]: "He's got wit he's got charm/But when he gets rough he'll break your arm/He's got taste, manners and grace/But when he gets tough he'll slit your face/He'll buy you jewels, expensive shoes, uh, oooo--Hey Jin, do you like the Kinks? Kinks?"

a billowing cloud of black smoke. Flash images appear in the smoke from Eko's past (http://lost.cubit.net/pics/2x10/) which include a crucifix

Kate. In the book of Judges, Delilah entices Samson to reveal the secret of his great strength ["No razor has ever been used on my head."] and then betrays him to the Philistine rulers:

"Having put him to sleep on her lap, she called a man to shave off the seven braids of his hair, and so began to subdue him. And his strength left him." (Judges 16: 19)

One can interpret the cutting of Sawyer's hair as a subtle twist on the biblical story--Kate cuts Sawyer's hair only after his strength begins to return.

Gabriela Busoni (Monica Dean). Gabriela is the feminine form of Gabriel. In Hebrew, Gabriel means "God is my strength". The archangel Gabriel appeared to Daniel (Daniel 8:16), Zacharias (Luke 1:19), and Mary (Luke 1:26-38).

The Baptism of Christ
(http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/v/verocchi/painting/baptism.html)

piano. Charlie's dream of a crying baby near shore is reminiscent of Exodus 2: "Pharaoh's daughter...saw the basket among the reeds [of the Nile River] and sent her slave girl to get it. She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him.'This is one of the Hebrew babies,' she said. (Exodus 2:5-6). Pharaoh's daughter "named him Moses, saying, 'I drew him out of the water.'" (Exodus 2:10). As mentioned previously, Aaron was the older brother of Moses.

angels from the Verocchio painting. They repeatedly tell Charlie he must "save the baby."

(http://www.geocities.com/alt_tv_lost/plane.html)

John the Baptist. (Matthew 3:1-17)

that John the Baptist cleansed Jesus of "all his sins".

Claire: But, do you think the baby has to be baptized?

Eko: Do you know what baptism is?

Claire: It's what gets you into heaven.

Eko: It is said that when John the Baptist baptized Jesus the skies opened up and a dove flew down from the sky. This told John something--that he had cleansed this man of all his sins. That he had freed him. Heaven came much later.

*

If Eko was a real priest, he would have been familiar with the scriptures which state Jesus was without sin.

"For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are--yet was without sin." (Hebrews 4:15-16)

"God made the one who knew no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we would become the righteousness of God." (2 Corinthians 5:21)

Claire and her baby Aaron.

Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (Eko). However, unlike the way he recited Psalm 23 in the Lost episode (broadcast Jan. 11/06), in the legislature he correctly said "valley of the shadow of death" at verse 4.

From (http://starbulletin.com/2006/02/02/news/story09.html): "Akinnuoye-Agbaje was invited to deliver the invocation by Sen. Fred Hemmings (R, Lanikai-Waimanalo) after the senator saw the 'Lost' episode featuring Eko's story....'Not only is the 23rd Psalm powerful, but this man is powerful. And he's a Buddhist reading what is actually a Judeo-Christian psalm....Interesting,' Hemmings said."

Sawyer. "A malicious man disguises himself with his lips, but in his heart he harbors deceit." (Proverbs 26:24)

Sawyer. In the book of Exodus, the second plague against Egypt was the plague of frogs (Exodus 8:1-15)

"Lancelot" by Walker Percy

(http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1189)
(http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1763)

The Caduceus of Hermes/Mercury (medical symbol)

(http://drblayney.com/Asclepius.html)

Jack's hospital badge
(http://longlostlist.kazorum.com/longlostlist-about422.html)

The LORD said to Moses, "Make a snake and put it up on a pole; anyone who is bitten can look at it and live." So Moses made a bronze snake and put it up on a pole. Then when anyone was bitten by a snake and looked at the bronze snake, he lived. (Numbers 21:8-9)

Jesus said: "Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life." (John 3:14-15)

an instrumental version of "Catch A Falling Star" (1957). Like the Swan station, the medical station is found at the bottom of a shaft.

Revelation 9:1:"The fifth angel sounded his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. The star was given the key to the shaft of the Abyss."

"The Brothers Karamazov".

Charles Colson said in his address to Harvard's Business School (April 4, 1991): "I was in the former Soviet Union last year and visited five prisons, four of which had never been visited by anyone from the West. I met with Soviet officials. It was really interesting. I met with Vadim Bakatin, then Minister of Interior Affairs. When talking about the enormous crime problem in the Soviet Union, he said to me, 'What are we going to do about it?' I said, 'Mr. Bakatin, your problem is exactly the one that Fyodor Dostoyevsky, your great novelist, diagnosed. In Brothers Karamazov, he had that debate between the older brother, who is unregenerate, and the younger brother, Alexis, who is the priest, over the soul of the middle brother, Ivan. At onepoint, Ivan yells out and says, 'Ah, if there is no God, everything is permissible.' Crime becomes inevitable. I said, 'Your problem in the Soviet Union is 70 years of atheism.' He said, 'You're right. We need what you're talking about. How do we get it back in the Soviet Union?'"

In "The Brothers Karamazov", set in 19th-century tsarist Russia, four very different brothers scheme against their cruel father. The eldest brother, Dmitri, is constantly in search of money, desperate for his rightful inheritance that his father will not allow him. His saintly younger brother Alexi loves all the brothers equally, while Ivan, a dispassionate intellectual, and Smerdjakov, an illegitimate schemer, are rivals for their father's attention and money.

(http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/id-46.html)

From the 1958 motion picture "The Brothers Karamazov" directed by Richard Brooks. Left to right: Grushenka (Maria Schell), Dmitri Karamazov (Yul Brynner), Alexi Karamazov (William Shatner).

From the episode "The Whole Truth":

"Henry": [reading from "The Brothers Karamazov"]:"Men reject their prophets and slay them, but they love their martyrs and honor those whom they have slain." [to Jack] So what's the difference between a martyr and a prophet?

Jack: Either way, it sounds like you end up dead.

"Henry": That's the spirit.

Eko. Among the Jews, to shave or to pluck one's own beard was a sign of mourning (eg. Ezra 9:3) "When I heard this, I tore my tunic and cloak, pulled hair from my head and beard and sat down appalled."

Sun (Yunjin Kim). Near the end of the episode her husband (Jin) joins her to help replant some of the taro he had earlier pulled out in anger.

"The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it." (Genesis 2:15)

Ana Lucia.

[Ana Lucia is seen running hard on the beach. Locke sits under a tree eating a banana.]

Locke: You were running like the devil's chasing you.

Ana Lucia: Maybe he is.

*

Similarly, in "Man of Science, Man of Faith":

Desmond: You a doctor then? [Jack nods. Desmond offers Jack his water bottle] So what's your excuse?

Jack: Excuse?

Desmond: To run like the devil's chasing you.

*

"Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you." (James 4:17)

"I'll Share My World With You" (1968). From the song: "Let me give you my two lips/They'll be smiling if you do".

In Song of Songs (4:3) the Lover says to his Beloved: "Your lips are like a scarlet ribbon; your mouth is lovely."

I Thessalonians: "For we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will live with the Lord forever." (4:17)

"Lift up your hearts"--said or sung by a priest at the start of the Eucharistic Prayer during the Catholic Mass, followed by a response from the congregation.

"Lift up our hearts and our hands to God in heaven." (Lamentations 3:41)

See an additional image of the map at:
(http://lost.cubit.net/pics/2x17/blastDoorMap.jpg)

medical supplies.

There's a famous photo of W. C. Fields holding a poker hand from the 1940 film "My Little Chickadee", in which he stars with Mae West. Cousin Zeb, a rube who wants to join the game, asks, "Uh, is this a game of chance?" Fields, as Cuthbert J. Twillie, responds, "Not the way I play it, no."

In "God of Chance" (http://www.godofchance.com) David J. Bartholomew (professor of statistical and mathematical science at the London School of Economics) concludes that chance is not only real but intended by God.

From: (http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/jan1991/v47-4-article1.htm) "In this assessment, he [Bartholomew] finds the most convincing rebuttal to Monod's argument. God actually designed the universe in such a fashion that chance had a role to play. God's goal for human life could not be obtained without human freedom; but if there is to be scope for the operation of real freedom, creation must provide for genuine uncertainty. The presence of chance in the universe, therefore, instead of leaving no room for God, is rather an important means whereby divine purposes are attained. In contrast, Monod's thesis makes the universe not only extremely improbable, but virtually impossible."

http://www.gotquestions.org/luck.html

eight.

Hurley: If I, uh--if I w--if I wasn't so fat, they never would have died.

Dr. Brooks: There were 23 people on that deck. It was built to hold 8. And it would have collapsed whether you went out there or not.

*

God told Noah to build an ark of cypress wood 300 cubits long, 50 cubits wide and 30 cubits high (about 450 feet long, 75 feet wide and 45 feet high) with lower, middle and upper decks. (http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3027)

In the Bible the number 8 is associated with the beginning of a new era eg. 8 people survived the Flood: Noah, his wife, his three sons and their wives. See: Genesis 6-9 and (http://vic.australis.com.au/hazz/number008.html)

Locusts. In the book of Exodus, the eighth plague against Egypt was the plague of locusts (Exodus 10:1-20)

Moonbeam. Sawyer (to Libby):"Great plan, Moonbeam. And after that we can sing Kumbaya and do trust falls."

From (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbaya): "Kumbaya (also spelled Kum Ba Yah) is a nineteenth century African American folk song, originating among the Gullah, an enslaved African people living on the Sea Islands, near the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. (The translation of 'kumbaya' is 'comeby here'.) Originally a spiritual, the song enjoyed a revival during the folk revival of the 1960s, and became associated with the civil rights struggles of that decade. The melody is believed to be of Gullah or African origin."

The first verse: "Kumbaya my Lord, kumbaya/Kumbaya my Lord, kumbaya/Kumbaya my Lord, kumbaya/Oh Lord, kumbaya"

Libby. Food (manna) fell from the sky during the Israelites' Exodus from Egypt:

"Then the LORD said to Moses, 'I will rain down bread from heaven for you. The people are to go out each day and gather enough for that day. In this way I will test them and see whether they will follow my instructions. On the sixth day they are to prepare what they bring in, and that is to be twice as much as they gather on the other days.'" (Exodus 16:4-5)

"The people of Israel called the bread manna. [meaning "What is it?"] It was white like coriander seed and tasted like wafers made with honey....The Israelites ate manna forty years, until they came to a land that was settled; they ate manna until they reached the border of Canaan." (Exodus 16:31;35)

Jesus said: "I am the bread of life. Your forefathers ate the manna in the desert, yet they died. But here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which a man may eat and not die." (John 6:48-50)

In "Lockdown," when Jack and Kate find a pallet of supplies and a parachute--presumably from an airdrop--the first box Kate picks out is DI 9FFTR731 Dharma Initiative Macaroni & Cheese Supper.